7-Hydroxycoumarins Are Affinity-Based Fluorescent Probes for Competitive Binding Studies of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor

J Med Chem. 2020 Oct 22;63(20):11920-11933. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01160. Epub 2020 Oct 13.

Abstract

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine with key roles in inflammation and cancer, which qualifies it as a potential drug target. Apart from its cytokine activity, MIF also harbors enzyme activity for keto-enol tautomerization. MIF enzymatic activity has been used for identification of MIF binding molecules that also interfere with its biological activity. However, MIF tautomerase activity assays are troubled by irregularities, thus creating a need for alternative methods. In this study, we identified a 7-hydroxycoumarin fluorophore with high affinity for the MIF tautomerase active site (Ki = 18 ± 1 nM) that binds with concomitant quenching of its fluorescence. This property enabled development of a novel competition-based assay format to quantify MIF binding. We also demonstrated that the 7-hydroxycoumarin fluorophore interfered with the MIF-CD74 interaction and inhibited proliferation of A549 cells. Thus, we provide a high-affinity MIF binder as a novel tool to advance MIF-oriented research.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Binding, Competitive / drug effects
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemical synthesis
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Fluorescent Dyes / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Umbelliferones / chemical synthesis
  • Umbelliferones / chemistry
  • Umbelliferones / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors
  • Umbelliferones
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
  • MIF protein, human